Imbonakalo ye imeko yabantu yesifo sehagu A (H1N1) eLleida Oku kubuyisele ulwalamano phakathi kweentsholongwane ezithwalwa zizilwanyana kunye nempilo yoluntu. Isigulana, indoda evela Uneminyaka engama-83 ubudala enezifo ezingapheliyo esele zikhonaYachongwa ngenxa yeenkqubo zokujonga iintsholongwane zokuphefumla ezisebenza rhoqo eCatalonia.
Nangona kukho inkxalabo eqondakalayo eveliswa ziindaba ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane weengulube, abasemagunyeni bezempilo bagxininisa ukuba Umngcipheko kuluntu ngokubanzi uthathwa njengophantsi kakhuluAkukho ezinye izifo ezinxulumene noko ezifunyenweyo; umntu ochaphazelekayo akakabinazo iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kwaye usempilweni entle.
Indlela elifunyenwe ngayo ityala eLleida
ISebe lezeMpilo laseCatalan lichaze ukuba isigulana Uye esibhedlele ngomhla wama-30 kweyoMqungu ngezizathu ezingadibaniyo nosulelo lokuphefumla. Njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokulinda kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo komkhuhlane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zokuphefumla, isampuli yathathwa ukuze ihlalutywe.
Isampuli ifunyenwe ine-HIV kwi-a Uvavanyo lwe-PCR lweentsholongwane zomkhuhlane waza wathunyelwa kwilebhu yokubhekisela ukuze kufunyaniswe ngakumbi. Emva kokulandelelana kwezakhi zofuzo, iingcali ziqinisekisile ukuba yayiyi- intsholongwane ye-swine flu A (H1N1), oluvela kudidi lweehagu zase-Eurasia ezichongiweyo kwiihagu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha lunokosulela abantu.
La isaziso esisemthethweni kwiSebe lezeMpilo yoLuntu laseCatalonia Umhla we-11 kuFebruwari wafika. Ngaloo mzuzu, [iindlela/imibhikisho] yasebenza ngokukhawuleza. iisekethe zokujonga i-epidemiological, i-microbiology kunye nonxibelelwano lweziko kucwangciselwe olu hlobo lophando, njengoko kubonisiwe ziiprotokholi zesizwe nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Ityala libikwe ku IZiko lokuLungelelanisa iZaziso zezeMpilo kunye neeNgxakeko (i-CCAES) nge-13 kaFebruwari, kwaye emva koko yadluliselwa kwi Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) amagunya aseYurophu, ngokuhambelana neMimiselo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi, efuna Xela naluphi na usulelo lomkhuhlane weengulube ebantwini.
Imeko yesigulana kunye nokungabikho kweempawu
Imithombo eyahlukeneyo yezempilo echaphazelekayo iyavuma ukuba umntu ochaphazelekayo "Uphilile ngokugqibeleleyo" kwaye akakaze abe neengxaki.Ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwesampuli okanye emva koko akazange abe neempawu zomkhuhlane: kwakungekho mkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, okanye ukuphefumla okuhambelana nosulelo olukhawulezileyo.
Ukongeza, yifayile ye- isigulane esinezifo ezihambisanayo kunye nezifo ezingapheliyoOku, ngokwesiseko, kunokumenza abe sesichengeni ngakumbi sosulelo lokuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, kwesi siganeko, akakhange abonise naluphi na ubuthathaka bezonyango obubangelwa yintsholongwane efunyenweyo.
UMphathiswa wezeMpilo kunye neGeneralitat baphinde bathi Akukho matyala esibini achongiweyo Abantu asondelelene nabo baye bafunyanwa, bafundwa baza bavavanywa, nto leyo ethe yabonisa ukuba abanaso isifo.
Amagosa ezempilo karhulumente agxininisa ukuba usulelo lwabantu oluvela kwiintsholongwane zomkhuhlane weengulube Zihlala zingabonakali rhoqo kwaye azibonakali kangako okanye azibonakali.Kwesi siqendu, ukufunyanwa kwale nto kwenziwe ngenxa yokuthathwa kweesampuli ngokungacwangciswanga, nto leyo eyenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona usulelo—okanye ukuvezwa kwintsholongwane—olunokuthi kwezinye iimeko lungabonakali.
Uphando lwe-Epidemiological kunye neengcinga eziphambili
Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kweli tyala kukuba Akukho kudibana neehagu, iifama okanye iifama zeehagu okufunyenweyo hayi kwisigulana okanye kwabo bakufutshane nabo. Oku kwahlukile kwiziganeko ezininzi zomkhuhlane wehagu ebantwini, ezidla ngokuvela abasebenzi basefama okanye abantu abanxibelelana ngqo nezilwanyana ezineentsholongwane.
Amaqela e I-Arhente yezeMpilo kaRhulumente yaseCataloniaKunye neengcali ezivela kwi-CCAES kunye ne-WHO, bahlolisise ngokupheleleyo zonke izigaba zenkqubo: ukusuka kwi ukuqokelelwa kweesampuli kwigumbi likaxakeka ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwezothutho kunye nolwelebhu, ukuya kulandelelwano lwezakhi zofuzo kumaziko ereferensi afana neSibhedlele saseVall d'Hebron.
Ekubeni kungekho matyala avele kuloo ndawo okanye ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwezifo zokuphefumla ELleida, kwaye ngenxa yokungabikho kokudibana nezilwanyana, kukho amathuba amaninzi aqwalaselwayo: enye usulelo olusuka komnye umntu luye komnye oluvela kumntu ongenazo iimpawu eyayifumene intsholongwane ngaphambili ngokudibana neehagu, okanye uhlobo oluthile lwe- ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo okanye kwisampulu ngokwayo.
Amagosa ajongene nokubeka esweni izifo, njengoSekela Mlawuli Jikelele uJacobo Mendioroz, achaze ukuba ingcamango enokwenzeka kukuba isigulana iya kuthwala iintsholongwane eziseleyo ngaphandle kokuba ibe nosulelo olusebenzayookanye ukuba intsholongwane yangeniswa ngexesha elithile ngexesha lokuqokelelwa okanye inkqubo yokuphathwa kweesampuli. Ukucacisa oku, iisampulu zihlalutywa ngokweenkcukacha ziilabhoratri zamazwe ngamazwe.
I-WHO iza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba lusulelo lokwenyani olunempendulo yomzimba—oko kukuthi, ingaba umzimba wesigulana uvelise na ii-antibodies ezithile ezichasene nentsholongwane— okanye ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo, sithetha ngokubakho okuseleyo kwezinto zemfuza zentsholongwane ngaphandle kwemiphumo efanelekileyo yeklinikhi.
Ityala elingaqhelekanga, kodwa alilokuqala eSpain
Ukususela ngo-2009, eSpain Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kukho iimeko ezine kuphela zomkhuhlane wehagu A ebantwini.kuquka neyangoku eLleida. Eyokugqibela yafunyanwa naseCatalonia ngo-2024. Kuzo zonke, abasemagunyeni bazibiza ngokuba ziziqendu iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga, ngaphandle kokudluliselwa okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabantu kwaye inempembelelo encinci kakhulu kwimpilo.
UMlawuli Jikelele wezeMpilo kaRhulumente, uPedro Gullón, kunye noNobhala wezeMpilo kaRhulumente we-Generalitat, u-Esteve Fernandez, baye bagxininisa esidlangalaleni ukuba Ayikokokuqala ukuba kubhalwe ingxelo yosulelo olunje. kwaye iimeko ezifanayo zivela "rhoqo" kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Uninzi lwezi rekhodi lufumaneka ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se iinkqubo zokujonga izifo ezibangelwa yi-epidemiological abahlalutya ngokucwangcisiweyo iisampulu zokuphefumla. Oko kukuthi, zifunyanwa ngokuyinxenye kuba zifunwa ngamandla, into leyo, ngokutsho kweengcali ze-virology ezivela kwi-CSIC nakwamanye amaziko, Kusenza siqonde ngcono indlela iintsholongwane ezinokuba ngubhubhane ezijikeleza kwaye zitshintsha ngayo..
Nangona eli tyala lihambelana nexesha lokuqhambuka kwezifo I-African Swine fever (ASF) eCatalonia, kunye ne ukuqhambuka komkhuhlane weentaka eLleidaAbasemagunyeni baphikelele ngokuphindaphindiweyo besithi banjalo izifo ezahluke ngokupheleleyoI-African pigeon fever (ASF) ichaphazela iihagu kunye neehagu zasendle, kwaye inempembelelo enamandla kwezoqoqosho kwicandelo leehagu, kodwa Ayibangeli abantuIntsholongwane efunyenwe eLleida yi-swine flu A (H1N1) kwaye ikwelinye iqela leentsholongwane.
Yintoni i-swine flu A kwaye idluliselwa njani?
Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-swine flu sisifo esibangelwa iintlobo ngeentlobo zentsholongwane ye-influenza A ezisasazeka rhoqo phakathi kweehagu kumazwe amaninzi. Ezona zaziwayo zezi I-H1N1, i-H1N2 kunye ne-H3N2Ezi ntsholongwane zinokuthi, ngamanye amaxesha, qhubela phambili abantuingakumbi xa kukho unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo noluhlala ixesha elide nezilwanyana ezinesi sifo okanye iindawo apho kukho intsholongwane khona.
Kubantu, usulelo olunezi ntsholongwane ludla ngokuba ithambile okanye ayinazimpawungosulelo olulinganiselweyo nolungaguqukiyo phakathi komntu nomnye. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezithile, kuye kwabonwa iimpawu eziqatha ngakumbi, ingakumbi kubantu abasemngciphekweni okanye abaneemeko esele zikhona.
La ukudluliselwa phakathi kwabantuXa kusenzeka, kwenzeka ngendlela efana kakhulu nomkhuhlane wexesha elithile: kuba amathontsi kunye nee-aerosols eziveliswa xa ukhohlela, uthimla, okanye uthethaUsulelo lunokwenzeka nokuba iindawo ezingcolisiweyo zichukunyiswa zize izandla zibekwe emehlweni, empumlweni okanye emlonyeni.
Amagunya ezempilo agxininisa ukuba Inyama yehagu ephekiweyo kakuhle ayithathwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokudlulisela yomkhuhlane weengulube. Ulawulo lwezilwanyana kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko lwezilwanyana kwiifama ajolise ngqo ekuthinteleni ukusasazwa kolu hlobo lwentsholongwane phakathi kwezilwanyana kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okudluliselwa ebantwini.
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu, xa zivela zihlala zifana kakhulu nezo umkhuhlane wonyakaUmkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, iintlungu zemisipha, ukudinwa, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokubakho ukugabha okanye urhudoKwaye, njengakweminye imikhuhlane, kukho ithuba lokuba inokuba nzima ngendlela ye-pneumonia okanye ibenze mandundu izifo ezisisiseko.
Imeko yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkumbulo yobhubhane ka-2009
Oku kufunyanwa eLleida kutolikwa ngokwendlela amava angaphambili nge-2009 influenza A (H1N1)Ubhubhane womkhuhlane omkhulu wokugqibela orekhodiweyo. Loo ntsholongwane yayinzima kakhulu kuba yayidibene amacandelo emfuza eehagu, iintaka, kunye nomkhuhlane wabantukwaye ibisoloko idibana iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba itsibele ebantwini kakhulu.
Ubhubhane ka-2009 wabangela, ngokutsho koqikelelo oluvela kwizifundo ezipapashwe kwiijenali ezifana Lancet, amakhulu amawaka abantu abafayo kwihlabathi liphelanangona ubungozi bayo ekugqibeleni babungaphantsi kokoyikwayo ekuqaleni. Ukususela ngoko, uluntu lwezenzululwazi luye lwagcina Ukuhlolwa ngokusondeleyo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-swine flu ezijikeleza eYurophu nakwamanye amazwekazi.
Kwimeko yangoku kaLleida, idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukuba Asijongani nentsholongwane entsha ngokukodwa okanye ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha elindelekileyo kolu hlobo lwesifo seengulube. Uhlalutyo lwemfuza lubonisa ukuba yenye yezona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-swine flu ezisele zisasazeka namhlanje kwiihagu ezininzi, ngaphandle kweempawu ezibonisa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo emngciphekweni.
Iingcali zeVirojiyali kunye nempilo yezilwanyana zithi Ukutshintshiselana ngeentsholongwane phakathi kwezilwanyana nabantu akuqhelekanga xa kukho unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo, kwaye mhlawumbi oko kwenzeke kwixesha elidlulileyo usulelo oluninzi kunalo olufunyenweyokuba nje iinkqubo zokujonga ezintsonkothileyo bezingekho okanye uvavanyo olunjalo belungaqhutywa.
Ngokwale mbono, inyani yokuba ityala elifana neli laseLleida lifunyenwe kwaye lixeliwe ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo. uphawu oluhle lokuba iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ziyasebenzakuba zivumela ukuchongwa kweengozi ezinokubakho kwangaphambili kunye nokulungiselela iimeko ezizayo, ngaphandle kokuthetha ukuba kukho ingxaki yezempilo esebenzayo.
Umyalezo woxolo kunye nendima yokubeka esweni kwimpilo yoluntu
Nangona igama elithi “i-swine flu” lisenokukhumbuza ubhubhane kwaye libangele uloyiko, amaziko ezempilo aseSpain naseCatalan aqalise inkqubo yonyango. umyalezo ocacileyo kakhulu wokuqinisekisaBayichaza njengemeko "engaqhelekanga", "engaqhelekanga" kunye "eyodwa", nto leyo Ayizange ibangele ukuqhambuka okanye uthotho losulelo kwaye, okwangoku, ayitshintshi inqanaba lomngcipheko kubemi.
Kwangaxeshanye, uMphathiswa wezeMpilo kunye ne-Generalitat bagxininisa ukuba kubalulekile ukugcina Ukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo isiqendu ngasinye kubandakanya iintsholongwane ezivela kwizilwanyana. Injongo iphindwe kabini: kwelinye icala, thintela usulelo lwesibini olunokwenzeka nakwelinye ukucacisa imvelaphi ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka yesiganeko ngasinye.
Ngokwale migaqo, uphando luseluvulekile kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo luyaqhubeka. iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zelebhu Ukuze kuthintelwe ngokupheleleyo iimpazamo zobugcisa nokuqinisekisa uhlobo lweziphumo, iisampulu zithunyelwe kwiilabhoratri ezisebenzisana ne-WHO, eziya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba intsholongwane ibangele usulelo lokwenyani okanye ukuba yayiyeyosulelo olukhawulezileyo ngexesha lokuqokelelwa okanye ukucutshungulwa.
Okwangoku, akukho zindululo zenziweyo. amanyathelo angaqhelekanga kuluntu ngokubanzi Ngaphaya kweengcebiso eziqhelekileyo zokulwa neentsholongwane zokuphefumla: ucoceko lwezandla, ukugquma umlomo nempumlo xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, kunye nokuphepha ukuya kumaziko empilo okanye ukuya emsebenzini ukuba uneempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane omkhulu.
Xa zizonke, isiqendu sikaLleida sibonisa indlela ityala elinye elinokubangela ngayo uthotho lweziganeko ezintsonkothileyo. impilo yoluntu, ukubekwa kweliso kwezifo ezibangelwa yi-epidemiological kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazweNangona kugxininiswa ukuba, okwangoku, isoyikiso kubemi sincinci kakhulu kwaye iinkqubo zokuchonga zibonakala zisabela njengoko kufanele.
