Uhlalutyo olukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe lubonise ubudlelwane phakathi Ukutya kwemifuno kunye nomngcipheko womhlazaIdatha, efunyenwe kubantu abangaphezu kwe-1,8 yezigidi abalandelwa kangangeminyaka eli-16, ibonisa ukuba ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa inyama Izinto zokutya zinokukhusela ngokucacileyo kwiithumba ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, nangona zingenazo iingongoma ezithile kunye nemiphumo emibi enokubakho kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
Olu lwazi luvela kwizifundo ezinkulu ezilithoba ezenziwe kwi- IYurophu, iMelika kunye neAsiaOlu phononongo, oluququzelelwe yiCandelo leCancer Epidemiology kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford kwaye luxhaswe yiWorld Cancer Research Fund, luthelekise abantu abatya inyama rhoqo nabantu abatya iinkukhu kuphela, abantu abatya iipescatarians, abantu abatya imifuno kuphela, kunye nabantu abatya imifuno kuphela. Abaphandi baqaphele ukuba... Ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo kunxulunyaniswa neprofayili yomhlaza ebhetele ngakumbiukuba ukutya kucwangciswe kakuhle kwaye kugubungela zonke iimfuno zesondlo.
Uphononongo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili malunga nokutya kwemifuno kunye nomhlaza
Eli qela lezenzululwazi lihlalutye iirekhodi zempilo ze 1,8 yezigidi zabathathi-nxaxheba, kuquka abathengi benyama abayi-1,64 yezigidi, abantu abayi-57.016 abatye inyama yenkukhu kuphela, abantu abayi-42.910 abatya inyama emdaka, abantu abayi-63.147 abangatyi nyama, kunye nabantu abayi-8.849 abangatyi nyama. Ulandelelwano oluqhelekileyo belu 16 iminyaka, ixesha elaneleyo lokurekhoda ukubonakala kweentlobo ezili-17 ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, ukusuka kwiithumba zokugaya ukutya ukuya kwii-neoplasms zegazi.
Olu phando, olupapashwe kwi- IBritish Journal of CancerWayelawula izinto ezinje ngobunzima bomzimba, ukutshaya, kunye neminye imikhwa yokuphila, ngenjongo yokwahlula, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, indima ethile yokutya. Ngokutsho kukaGqr. U-Aurora Pérez-Cornago, umphandi okhokelayo, olu “luhlalutyo olupheleleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku” malunga nolwalamano phakathi Iipateni zokutya ezisekelwe kwizityalo kunye nomhlaza.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, ezi ziphumo zihambelana neengcebiso zemibutho yezempilo yoluntu ebezisoloko zibiza iminyaka ukunciphisa inyama ebomvu neyomileyo kunye nokunyusa ukutya iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nokutya okutyebileyo kwifayibha. Nangona olu phononongo lubandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kumazwe afana ne-United Kingdom, i-United States, i-India, kunye ne-Taiwan, iziphumo zalo zibaluleke kakhulu kwi European Unionapho umthwalo womhlaza usaqhubeka uphezulu kakhulu.
Ngokwezibalo zamva nje, kwi-EU malunga Abantu abazizigidi eziyi-2,7 baza kuxilongwa ukuba banomhlaza Ngowama-2026, nangona ukwehla okuncinci kokwenzeka kwesi sifo xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo, umhlaza wamabele, weprostate, we-colonectal, kunye nowemiphunga ubandakanya phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iimeko, apho amadoda emele i-54% yokuxilongwa okutsha kunye ne-56% yokufa. Kulo mongo, naluphi na utshintsho lokutya oluvumela yehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza kwinqanaba labantu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Abantu abatya imifuno banomngcipheko ophantsi wokufumana umhlaza oqhelekileyo ohlanu
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo efunyenweyo kulo msebenzi kukuba Abantu abatya imifuno banomngcipheko ophantsi weentlobo ezintlanu zomhlazauninzi lwazo ludla ngokutya kakhulu okanye ludla ngokuba nzulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abatya inyama, abantu abatya imifuno babonise oku:
- Umngcipheko ophantsi we-31% we-multiple myeloma, uhlobo lomhlaza wegazi.
- Umngcipheko ophantsi we-28% womhlaza wezintso.
- Umngcipheko ophantsi we-21% womhlaza wepancreatic, enye yeethumba ezineziphumo ezimbi kakhulu.
- Umngcipheko ophantsi we-12% womhlaza we-prostate.
- Umngcipheko ophantsi we-9% womhlaza webele.
Ezi thumba zintlanu zimele malunga isiqingatha sesihlanu sabantu ababhubhe ngenxa yomhlaza e-United KingdomEli nani linokujoliswa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, apho ukusasazeka kweentlobo zomhlaza kufana khona. Inyani yokuba iipatheni zokutya zinokuchaphazela kakhulu amathuba okukhula kwezi thumba iqinisa ingcamango yokuba ukutya yeyona nto iphambili ekuthinteleni umhlaza.
Ababhali baqaphela ukuba abantu abatya imifuno badla ngokutya iziqhamo, imifuno kunye nefayibha engakumbi kunye nenyama ebomvu neyomileyo engasetyenziswanga kangako, umzekelo ohambelana nezikhokelo zokutya ezivela kumaziko afana neWCRF okanye amagunya ezempilo aseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, uNjingalwazi UTim Key, ingcali yezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane e-Oxford kunye nombhali-mbhali wolu phononongo, ubonisa ukuba umahluko kwingozi unokuba ubangelwa kakhulu iikhompawundi ezifumaneka enyameni ezichaphazela iinkqubo zokudumba okanye ze-metabolic, endaweni yempembelelo "engumlingo" yemifuno.
Okubonakala kucacile kukuba ukutya okutyebileyo ngokutya okusekwe kwizityalo, kunye nokutya okuncinci kakhulu inyama ebomvu neyosiweyo, kunxulunyaniswa iprofayili yomngcipheko womhlaza engcono ngakumbiLo myalezo uhambelana neminyaka emininzi yophando lwangaphambili kunye neephulo zempilo yoluntu eziqhubekayo ngoku kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu.
Abathengi bezilwanyana ezifuywayo kunye neenkukhu: iingenelo ezingaphelelanga
Olu phononongo alupheleli nje ekuthelekiseni izilo ezitya inyama nabantu abatya imifuno kuphela, kodwa lukwahlalutya iipatheni eziphakathi, njengabantu abathi Ziquka intlanzi kodwa kungekhona inyama. (ii-pescetarians) okanye abo batya iinkukhu kuphela, bephepha inyama ebomvu neyosiweyo. La maqela akwanazo neengenelo ezithile ngokubhekiselele kumngcipheko womhlaza.
Kwimeko yabantu abanesifo sentliziyo, umngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza webele, wezintso, kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu xa kuthelekiswa nabathengi benyama ebomvu. Ababhali bacebisa ukuba igalelo amafutha angagcwaliyo kunye nezinye izondlo ezivela kwiintlanzi Ingadlala indima yokukhusela ngokuphucula impendulo yokudumba kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo we-oxidative kwizicubu.
Kwelabo icala, abo Zitya iintaka kuphela Abo bangayifakiyo inyama ebomvu neyosiweyo babonakalise ukwehla komngcipheko wokuba umdlavuza wesibelethoEsi siphumo sixhasa ingcamango yokuba ingxaki ayikokubakho kweprotheyini yezilwanyana ngokwayo, kodwa kuhlobo kunye nobungakanani benyama etyiwayo, ingakumbi xa kufikwa kwiimveliso ezicutshungulwayo okanye ezo ziphekiweyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Kubemi baseSpain nabaseYurophu, apho ukusetyenziswa kweentlanzi kuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe, olu lwazi luhambelana nengcebiso yokukhetha iipateni ezifana nokutya kweMeditera: ubuninzi bemifuno, iimbotyi kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo, ukubakho kweentlanzi kunye neenkukhu okuphakathi, kunye nokutya okuncinci kakhulu kwenyama ecutshungulwayo.
Utitshala UJules Griffin, evela kwiRowett Institute kwiYunivesithi yaseAberdeen, igxininisa ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwezifundo ezithelekisa ngokuthe ngqo ezi patheni nokutya okunesondlo okulinganiselayo okulandela izikhokelo ze I-Eatwell NHS okanye ezinye izikhokelo zaseYurophu. Ngokutsho kwale ngcali, ukutya okunenyama neentlanzi okuphakathi, kodwa okutyebileyo kwiimveliso ezisekelwe kwizityalo, kunokuba enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza enxulumene nokutya kuluntu ngokubanzi.
Iingozi kunye nobuthathaka: ayizizo zonke izidlo ze-vegan ezibonelela ngokhuseleko olufanayo
Nangona kukho iingenelo ezibonweyo, olu phononongo lukwachonga iingozi ezithile ezinxulumene ikakhulu nokutya okunemiqathango emininzi kakhuluingakumbi abantu abangatyi bemifuno abangacwangciswanga kakuhle. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezifunyenweyo kukuba abantu abangatyi bemifuno kolu phando baveze umngcipheko ophezulu ngama-40% womhlaza we-colon kunabo batya inyama.
Olu nyuko lubangelwa yi- ukutya okunganeleyo kwe-calcium kunye nezinye izakhamzimba ezincinci, Iingxaki ekufuneka uziqaphele xa usitya ukutya kwe-veganKwiqela labantu abatya imifuno kuphela, umyinge wokutya i-calcium wawumalunga ne-590 mg ngosuku, ngaphantsi kwengcebiso esemthethweni yase-UK (700 mg ngosuku) kunye nezikhokelo zaseYurophu, eziqhele ukuba malunga ne-1.000 mg kubantu abadala. ukubopha kwi-fatty acids kunye nezinye izinto ezisemathunjiniukunciphisa amandla ayo okwenzakalisa i-mucosa yamathumbu amakhulu.
Ukongeza, olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba abantu abatya imifuno babenayo phantse kabini umngcipheko we-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma xa kuthelekiswa nabathengi benyama. Abaphandi bakhomba kwiingxaki ezinokubakho kwiivithamini ze-B, ezifana ne-riboflavin okanye i-vitamin B12ezifumaneka kakhulu kwiimveliso ezivela kwizilwanyana kwaye ukungabikho kwazo kunokuchaphazela impilo yezicubu ze-epithelial.
Nangona kunjalo, ababhali ngokwabo bagxininisa ukuba ezi ziphumo kufuneka ukutolikwa ngononopheloKwimeko yomhlaza we-colorectal kubantu abatya imifuno kuphela, inani lilonke lamatyala beliphantsi, nto leyo enyusa ukungaqiniseki kwezibalo. Ngaphezu koko, umahluko kwimikhwa yokutya yangoku Xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka eli-10, engama-20 okanye engama-30 eyadlulayo, indawo inokutshintsha: kule mihla kuqheleke kakhulu ukufumana ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo okutyetyiswe nge-calcium kunye neevithamini, njengeziselo ezisekelwe kwizityalo eziqinisiweyo, ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokunqongophala kwezondlo.
Iingcali ziyathanda Aisling DalyIingcali zezondlo kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford Brookes zisikhumbuza ukuba ukutya ukutya okungenazo imifuno okanye ukutya okungenazo imifuno akunampilo ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuyikhupha inyama. Ukuba akunjalo, ukutya ukutya okungenazo imifuno okanye ukutya okungenazo imifuno akunampilo ngokuzenzekelayo. Bathatha indawo yeemveliso zezilwanyana ngezinye iindlela ezinesondlo Nokuba kucetywayo, izibonelelo ezilindelweyo zisenokungabikho kwaye iingxaki ezintsha zempilo zinokuvela.
Utshintsho kwiindlela zokutya ezisekelwe kwizityalo kunye nefuthe lazo kwixesha elizayo
Elinye inqaku elivezwa ngabaphandi kukuba abantu ababandakanywa kwezi zifundo, kwiimeko ezininzi, baqeshwa kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayoNgeli xesha, ukutya kwabantu abatya imifuno kunye nabantu abatya imifuno kuphela kutshintshe kakhulu, ingakumbi eYurophu nase-United States.
Ngaphambili, abo babelandela ezi ndlela babedla ngokusekela ukutya kwabo kwindlela ukutya okuziinkozo njengemifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, amandongomane kunye nembewu. Okwangoku, ukubonelelwa iimveliso ezisekwe kwizityalo ezicutshungulwe kakhulu (iiburger ze-vegan, iisoseji zemifuno, izimuncumuncu, iidizethi ezicutshungulweyo, njl.njl.) zikhule kakhulu, nto leyo enokuphembelela iprofayili yesondlo yokutya okungenanyama.
Isazinzulu sezondlo Nerys AstburyUmphandi ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford ulumkisa ukuba iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo zanamhlanje zisenokungabi sempilweni njengezo zeminyaka edlulileyo, ngenxa ukusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kokutya okucutshungulwe kakhuluNgenxa yesi silumkiso, impembelelo yokutya kwemifuno kunye ne-vegan okwangoku kumngcipheko womhlaza ingahluka kuleyo ibonwe kolu phononongo, ebonisa imikhwa yokutya evela kwelinye ixesha.
Amanqanaba eezakhamzimba ezithile eziphambili nawo atshintshile. Idatha yakutshanje ibonisa ukuba namhlanje, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa iimveliso ezityebiswe nge-calcium kunye neevithaminiUmahluko ekutyeni i-calcium phakathi kwabantu abatya imifuno kuphela kunye nabantu abatya imifuno kuphela unciphile kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Ukuba oku kuyaqinisekiswa kwixesha elide, kunokwenzeka ukuba umngcipheko wokwanda komhlaza we-colorectal obonwa kubantu abatya imifuno kuphela kolu hlalutyo lwembali uya kuncitshiswa. musa ukuzala kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Intshayelelo ngokwayo iindlela ezintsha, ezilungiselelwe ngcono ze-vegan Kwaye amaphulo okufundisa ngesondlo anokunceda abo bayeka ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zezilwanyana ukuba batye ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokunqongophala kwevithamini B12, i-riboflavin, i-iron okanye i-zinc, ezizizondlo ezibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
Zithetha ukuthini ezi ziphumo ekuthinteleni umhlaza eYurophu?
Kwilizwekazi apho umhlaza usengomnye wemiba izizathu eziphambili zokufa nokukhubazekaIziphumo zolu phononongo zigxininisa umyalezo wezikhokelo zokuthintela: ukutya kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko, kodwa kufuneka kujongwane nawo ngobuchule. Ubungqina obukhoyo buxhasa iipateni ezityebileyo kukutya okusekwe kwizityalo -iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo- kunye nokunciphisa inyama, ingakumbi inyama ebomvu neyomileyo.
Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukukhuthaza ukutya okubeka phambili Izitya ezisekelwe kwizityalo, ezinobukho obuphakathi okanye obuphantsi bemveliso yezilwanyanakunye nokucebisa ukuba kungatyiwa rhoqo iisoseji, inyama ecoliweyo, ibhekoni, kunye nezinye iimveliso zenyama ezicutshungulwe kakhulu. Amagunya aseYurophu kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe efana neWCRF bayavuma ukuba ezi mveliso zinxulunyaniswa ne- umngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza we-colorectal kunye nezinye izifo ezingapheliyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, olu phononongo lulumkisa ngemibono elula. Ukutya kwemifuno kunye nokutya kwe-vegan kunokuba esempilweni kwaye enesondlo ngokwaneleyoNangona kunjalo, zinokubonelela ngeproteni encinci, amafutha agcweleyo, kunye nezakhamzimba ezithile ezincinci kunezo zitya zonke. Kubantu abaninzi, icebo elifanelekileyo kukusondela kwi- imodeli yezityalo ikakhulu ngaphandle kokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukutya okufana nentlanzi, iimveliso zobisi okanye amaqanda, okuhlala kukwimo efanelekileyo yehlabathi.
ESpain, apho ukutya kweMeditera yemveli Sele idibanisa ubukho obuphezulu be imifuno, ioyile yomnquma kunye neembotyi Ngenxa yokutya inyama ebomvu okuncinci, olu lwazi lubonelela ngenkxaso engaphezulu kwimigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza ukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo. Ukulungisa ukutya inyama kube ngokwemilinganiselo ephakathi nokukhetha ezinye iindlela zeproteni (iimbotyi, amandongomane, isoya, intlanzi) kunokunceda. ukulawula impembelelo yomhlaza kuluntu kwixesha eliphakathi nelide.
Ngenxa yolu hlalutyo lubanzi, ingcamango evelayo yeyokuba Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ayikokuyeka nje ukutya inyama, kodwa kukwakha ukutya okucingisiswe kakuhle okusekelwe kwizityalo.Ityebile kukutya okutsha, okune-calcium eyaneleyo kunye neevithamini ze-B, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuncinci kakhulu kokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu, oku kutya kwandisa iingenelo zokutya kwemifuno ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, ngelixa kunciphisa ubuthathaka obunokubakho ekutyeni kwe-vegan kunye ne-vegetarian okungalinganiyo.
