El potaziyamu Yenye yezona zimbiwa ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni. Yenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwi ibhalansi ye-electrolyte, umsebenzi wemisipha, ukuhanjiswa kwemithambo-luvo, kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo. Ikwalawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zemetabolism ezifana neprotein synthesis kunye necarbohydrate metabolism.
Ngoko ke, gcina amanqanaba e-potassium yegazi enempilo Kubalulekile kwimpilo entle, ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu zonyango, ngakumbi kubantu abanezintso, intliziyo, okanye izifo zemetabolism. Apha ngezantsi, siza kuhlola yonke into oyifunayo ukulawula i-potassium ngokutya: kukuphi ukutya onokuthi ukhethe, ukukulungiselela njani, iingcebiso eziluncedo, kunye neemenyu zemihla ngemihla.
Kutheni i-potassium ibaluleke kakhulu ekutyeni kwethu?
Le minerali ibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi emininzi yezinto eziphilayo. ukufinyela kwemisipha (kubandakanywa nentliziyo), i ukuhanjiswa kwe-nerve kunye ukugcinwa koxinzelelo lwegazi kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekubeni kukho okwaneleyo potaziyamu emzimbeni, kodwa ngaphandle kokugqithisa. Xa amanqanaba ephantsi (hypokalemia), iimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka bemisipha, ukukhathala, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, okanye nokuba nokukhubazeka kunokuvela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuninzi kakhulu kuyaqokelela potaziyamu (hyperkalemia), umngcipheko wokubandezeleka kwe-cardiac arrhythmias, iingxaki ze-muscular okanye ukubetha kweemvakalelo zanda kakhulu.
Umzimba udla ngokuphelisa ukugqithisa potaziyamu ngeentso. Ke ngoko, abantu abanokusilela kwezintso okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso basengozini enkulu yokuqokelelana ukuba abakhathaleli ukutya kwabo. Abo bathatha amayeza athile, abaguli abane-metabolic, intliziyo, okanye izifo zesibindi, okanye abo bafumana utshintsho lwamahomoni, banokuchaphazeleka.
Kokuphi ukutya esifumana i-potassium eninzi?
El potaziyamu Ininzi ngakumbi kwi ukutya kwemifuno, nangona kukho nezilwanyana kunye nemithombo ecutshungulwayo. Oku kulandelayo kubalaseleyo:
- Iziqhamo, ngakumbi iziqhamo ze-citrus (i-orenji, i-lemon, i-grapefruit), iziqhamo ze-tropical (ibhanana, i-papaya, i-mango, i-kiwi), i-melon kunye ne-vatala.
- Imifuno: itumata, izucchini, amakhowa, i-chard, i-cardoons, isipinatshi, isitshalo seqanda, itswele, iasparagus, ipepile, iletisi, okanye iimbotyi zesoya ezihlumayo.
- IiTubers, iitapile yenye yezona zityebi kakhulu potaziyamu.
- Iimbotyi kunye namandongomane.
- I-Cereals, i-cocoa (itshokolethi), igcina, iimveliso zengqolowa, ii-bouillon cubes kunye neziphuzo ezithambileyo.
- Inyama kunye nokutya okuphekiweyo okanye okuphekwe kwangaphambili.
- Kwimeko igalikhi, nangona iphezulu potaziyamu, inokusetyenziswa ngamanani amancinci okanye isuswe ngaphambi kokutya ukunciphisa umxholo wayo wale mineral.
Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba i ukutya okuphantsi kwe potassium Ezi zezo zibonelela ngaphantsi kwe-150 mg nge-100 grams. Kweli qela, sifumana iinketho ezifana nama-apile, amapere, ivatala, iitangerines, iipiyinaphu entsha okanye ijusi yepayinapile, kunye neblueberries. Iziqhamo ezinkonkxiweyo ezine-potassium encinci nazo ziyafumaneka, nje ukuba zihlanjwe kwaye i-liquid ilahlwa.
Ngexesha lokulawula ngokukodwa ukungena kwe-potassium
Ukulawula i-potassium ngokutya Yinto ephambili kumaqela athile kunye neemeko zonyango:
- Izigulane ezinezintso ezingapheliyo: izintso zakho musa ukuyisusa potaziyamu kwaye ihlala ifuna izidlo ezisezantsi kule minerali.
- Abantu abafumana unyango ngamayeza athile (ezifana ne-diuretics, i-ACE inhibitors okanye i-angiotensin receptor blockers) ezinokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezintso. potaziyamu.
- Abantu ngabanye abane Uhlobo lweswekile 1, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, isibindi okanye i-adrenal.
- Abantu kwi predialysis okanye dialysis, apho ulawulo lwe potaziyamu Kubalulekile ukuphepha i-hyperkalemia.
Ukuba usemngciphekweni we-hyperkalemia okanye i-hypokalemia, hlala udibana nogqirha wakho okanye i-dietitian ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho kwisidlo sakho. Baza kukwazi ukukukhokela ekutyeni kunye nezixa ezilungele wena.
Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-hyperkalemia kunye ne-hypokalemia?
Los amanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-potassium yegazi uluhlu phakathi kwe-3,6 kunye ne-5,2 milliequivalents ilitha nganye.
- hypokalemia: amaxabiso aphantsi avelisa ubuthathaka bemisipha, i-lethargy, i-arrhythmias kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukukhubazeka.
- I-Hyperkalemia: amaxabiso aphezulu anokubangela ubuthathaka bemisiphaukubetha kwentliziyo, ukuntyiloza kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac.
Gcina i potaziyamu ngaphakathi kwimida enempilo inceda ukukhusela iingxaki ezinzulu, ngakumbi kwabo banesifo sezintso okanye senhliziyo.
Ziziphi iindlela ezinokunciphisa i-potassium ekutyeni?
Ukunciphisa inani potaziyamu Kwiziqhamo, imifuno, ii-tubers kunye nemifuno, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zinokusetyenziswa:
- Ukuntywila kwangaphambili: Pela kwaye usike ukutya kube ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Ukuwafunxa iiyure ezingama-12-24, ukutshintsha amanzi ubuncinane kabini, kuyanceda potaziyamu fuduka uye kumanzi alahliweyo.
- Ukupheka kabini: Pheka emanzini, ulahle amanzi okupheka okuqala, kwaye uphinde upheke; uninzi lweminerali luyasuswa.
- Ukupheka nge-steaming okanye kwi-microwave: Ayinciphisi kakhulu potaziyamu. Kubalulekile ukucwina kwangaphambili ukuba usebenzisa ezi ndlela.
- Ukukhenkceza kunye nokunyibilika emanzini abandayo: Iluncedo kunye nemifuno emitsha okanye ekhenkcezisiweyo, ekubeni i potaziyamu Ikhutshwe emanzini e-defrost, ekufuneka ilahlwe.
- Conservas: Badla ngokuba ngaphantsi potaziyamu ukuba ulwelo olusuka kwindawo yogcino luyalahlwa kwaye ukutya kuhlanjwe kakuhle.
La amazambane Idinga inkqubo ekhethekileyo: yihlambulule, yinqumle ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci, upheke imizuzu emi-6-7 kwaye ulahle amanzi. Emva koko, yicwilise kwiiyure ze-3-4 kwaye uyipheke kwakhona ngokwesitya esifunwayo ukuze unciphise ngakumbi umxholo wekhabhoni. potaziyamu.
Iimpawu zemenyu yeveki ephantsi ye-potassium
Imenyu elungelelanisiweyo yokulawula i potaziyamu Kuya kufuneka ubandakanye ukutya okwahlukeneyo okusezantsi kule minerali kwaye usebenzise iindlela ezinje ngokuntywila okanye ukupheka kabini ukuphelisa ezinye potaziyamu Ngokwendalo. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ulinganisele ukusebenzisa kwakho indawo yetyuwa (ehlala iqulethe i-potassium chloride) kwaye unciphise iimveliso zobisi, iyogathi, umgubo wekofu, ezinye ioyile zemifuno kunye neemveliso eziziinkozo.
Ezinye iimbono zemenyu yeveki inokuba:
- Ikhefu: isonka esimhlophe esinobusi, ikofu enobisi oluncitshisiweyo, ijusi yepeyari, ikhekhe lemon okanye iyogurt yendalo.
- IComidas: isaladi ye-lentil (ixutywe, iphekwe kabini), iphekwe ngee-noodle, irayisi emhlophe, isaladi ye-lettuce kunye ne-carrots kunye ne-tuna, i-sautéed iimbotyi eziluhlaza ezikhenkcezisiweyo okanye i-broccoli kunye ne-risotto ye-garlic.
- Izidlo sangokuhlwaIrayisi emhlophe, umbona, umnqathe, kunye nesaladi yeqanda elibilisiwe; surimi kunye nesaladi yekarothi; isaladi ye-lettuce kunye ne-escarole kunye nombona; iimbotyi ezimhlophe kunye neminqathe kunye namazambane.
Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa potassium (kwingcebiso yezonyango), unokubandakanya iibhanana, iiorenji, isipinatshi, iitumato, iiavokhado, iyogathi, iitapile, kunye nokutya okuziinkozo.
Iingcebiso kunye namaqhinga okulawula i-potassium kwisidlo sakho semihla ngemihla
- Kuphephe ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno enomxholo ophezulu we potaziyamu; khetha iziqhamo ezifana nama-apile, amapere, okanye ivatala, kwaye ukhethe ukutya okusemathinini okuye kwahlanjwa kwaye kwakhutshwa kakuhle.
- Recuerda que Iziqhamo nemifuno ekhenkcezisiweyo zidla ngokuba ngaphantsi potaziyamuUkuba uzicwilise iiyure ezintlanu kwaye uzipheke, umxholo uyancipha ngakumbi.
- Kuphephe ukupheka umhluzi kunye nesiraphu enkonkxiweyo, njengoko zigxininisa potaziyamu ikhutshwe ngexesha lokulungiselela.
- Jonga i iilebula yeemveliso ukuchonga umxholo wazo potaziyamu, iikhalori, kunye nezondlo. Ukutya okuninzi okucutshungulweyo kuqulethe izixa eziphezulu.
- Ukumodareyitha okanye ukuphelisa amandongomane kunye neziqhamo ezomisiweyo, njengoko zizityebi kakhulu potaziyamu.
- Ngama-legumes, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini ngeveki, ukucwina kwangaphambili, ukuhlambulula ulwelo olusuka kwizinto ezigcinayo, kwaye upheke kabini.
Iingcebiso zokutya ukugcina amanqanaba e-potassium enempilo
Ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo zokutya kunye nezilumkiso
El potaziyamu ikhona kwabaninzi izongezo ze-multivitaminEyona fomu ixhaphakileyo yi potassium chloride, nangona i-potassium citrate, i-phosphate, i-aspartate, i-bicarbonate, kunye ne-gluconate nazo zifunyenwe. Uninzi lubonelela ngeemali ezilinganiselweyo kwaye, kubantu abanokusebenza kwezintso eziqhelekileyo, abaqhelekanga ukubangela iingxaki, njengoko ukugqithisa kupheliswa kumchamo.
kunjalo, Ungaze ubhenele kwizongezelelo ngaphandle kwengcebiso yengcali yezempiloKwezinye iimeko, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba bongeze ukutya okunqongopheleyo potaziyamu, kodwa kwizigulane ezisemngciphekweni we-hyperkalemia, njengabo banesifo sezintso okanye iingxaki zentliziyo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye kubangele iingxaki ezinzulu.
Ngoko ke, Izongezo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kweliso lonyango kwaye kwiimeko ezithile. Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokufumana le minerali kuseku-a ukutya okunokulinganisela kunye nokuhluka.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo kwizigulane kwi-dialysis kunye nesifo sezintso
Kwi-predialysis kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokungaphumeleli kwezintso, umsebenzi wokucocwa uyehla kakhulu, okonyusa umngcipheko wokuqokelelwa kwezintso. potaziyamuIzigulana kwi-peritoneal dialysis zisusa ngakumbi potaziyamu ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa kufuneka balandele izikhokelo zokutya ukuphepha iingxaki. Kwi-hemodialysis, ukugqithisa kupheliswa phakathi kweeseshoni, ngoko kubalulekile ukulawula ukungenisa ngexesha lexesha le-interdialytic. Xa ukutya okutyebileyo potaziyamu, ezi azipheli kude kube ngokulandelayo, ukwandisa umngcipheko we-hyperkalemia.
Kukwacetyiswa ukuba kususwe ulusu kwimifuno kunye ne-tubers, njengoko isebenza njengesithintelo malunga nokufuduka. potaziyamu ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunxa. Ukongezelela, ukusika ukutya kwiincinci ezincinci kwandisa indawo yayo kwaye kukhuthaze ukufuduka kwamaminerali emanzini.
Kunini apho iluluvo olulungileyo lokuya kugqirha wezondlo?
Njengomgaqo jikelele Ukuba unesifo sezintso okanye intliziyo, isifo seswekile, ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism okanye ukuthatha amayeza achaphazela ukukhutshelwa potaziyamuKuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nengcali ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nengcali yezondlo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya kwakho kulinganisiwe kwaye kulungiselelwe iimfuno zakho, ngaphandle kokuncama iintlobo ngeentlobo okanye incasa.
Ulawulo lwe potaziyamu Impumelelo yezondlo ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke kwimfundo yesondlo, ulwazi lokulungiselela kunye neendlela zokupheka, kunye nokulandela izikhokelo zobungcali. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ukonwabele ukutya okunesondlo, ukunciphisa imingcipheko, nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.